Explain Predictions table - Coloring explained

RSinclair

I cannot locate an explanation of the color coding RM applies to the table under "Explain Predictions" tab.

I would appreciate someone pointing me to an explanation of what these variations of red and green mean.

kypexin

Hi @RSinclair

As per operator's help section: 

"operator takes a model and an ExampleSet as input, and generates a table highlighting the attributes that most strongly support (green) or contradict (red) each prediction."

So in your case, for example, CardType = '36 Credit Mag' supports prediction = No, while CardType = '65 Mag' contradicts it. This way you are getting the feeling which features and values play the largest role in each prediction.

MartinLiebig

Hi all,

please keep in mind, that deep red means: An increase of the value, will (strongly) decrease your target variable.

BR,

Martin

kypexin

Hi @RSinclair

As per operator's help section: 

"operator takes a model and an ExampleSet as input, and generates a table highlighting the attributes that most strongly support (green) or contradict (red) each prediction."

So in your case, for example, CardType = '36 Credit Mag' supports prediction = No, while CardType = '65 Mag' contradicts it. This way you are getting the feeling which features and values play the largest role in each prediction.

MartinLiebig

Hi all,

please keep in mind, that deep red means: An increase of the value, will (strongly) decrease your target variable.

BR,

Martin

varunm1

@mschmitz @kypexin

In case of classification, if my original label is 1 and the predicted value is 0 which is an incorrect prediction, does support predictors (Green) are related to the predicted value 0? Is it like these support predictors are making algorithm predict wrong class in my scenario?

Thanks

IngoRM

Hi @varunm1

In case of classification, if my original label is 1 and the predicted value is 0 which is an incorrect prediction, does support predictors (Green) are related to the predicted value 0?

Yes, that is exactly right.  The terms "support" and "contradict" are always relative to the prediction of the model, independent of the fact if the prediction is correct or wrong.  This way, the explanations can also be created if the true class is not even known at all.

Hope this helps,
Ingo

varunm1

Hi @mschmitz

Are local correlations calculated by explaining predictions operator based on Pearson correlation?

MartinLiebig

@varunm1 ,

for numericals, yes. Otherwise - @IngoRM ?

BR,

Martin

IngoRM

It is also the Pearson correlation where nominal values are recoded to 1 if there are the same value as the original and 0 otherwise.

However, there are a couple of small tweaks we are using here to improve the robustness of the calculation, which let the values sometimes differ a bit from the standard Pearson calculation.

From the docs in the code:

* Calculate the correlation between the given attribute and the predictions.  Make sure that the
* the predictions are set in a one-vs-all fashion for multiclass problems.  It uses the confidence
* for the class to correlated with.
*
* For nominal attributes we just into 1 (same value as the one predicted) vs. 0 (different value).
*
* Please note that this method artificially sets the standard deviation to a small value in case
* of all labels being the same (which can happen if the model is really confident in certain
* areas). First, we artificially change one random label in case they are all the same.
* Then we also capture the case that the standard deviations are still 0 by replacing it
* by a small value then.
*
* These small changes will avoid that all correlations for all attributes would be NaN
* otherwise.  Because of those changes, this method should not be used for calculating
* regular correlations.

varunm1

Great, Thanks @IngoRM and @mschmitz

varunm1

Hello @IngoRM

In the explain prediction operators, is there a way to check the top 3 supporting predictors for correct predictions. Right now I am downloading data and doing some excel operations to find how many samples were predicted correctly and see which predictor supported most of the correct predictions. Similarly, for the incorrect predictions as well.

Thanks for your support.

IngoRM

Hi @varunm1

Not sure if I got you right there, but something like the process below?  I just delivered the text-based data from the Explain Predictions operator (second port) and added an additional Filter Examples afterwards.  You can also do more sophisticated stuff with the results from the third port and some Join magic...

Let me know if that is what you had in mind.

Cheers,
Ingo

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</operator><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <operator activated="true" class="model_simulator:explain_predictions" compatibility="9.2.000" expanded="true" height="103" name="Explain Predictions" width="90" x="514" y="187"><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <parameter key="maximal explaining attributes" value="3"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <parameter key="local sample size" value="500"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <parameter key="only create predictions" value="false"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </operator><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <operator activated="true" class="filter_examples" compatibility="9.2.000" expanded="true" height="103" name="Filter Examples" width="90" x="648" y="187"><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <parameter key="parameter_expression" value=""/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <parameter key="condition_class" value="correct_predictions"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <parameter key="invert_filter" value="false"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <list key="filters_list"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <parameter key="filters_logic_and" value="true"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <parameter key="filters_check_metadata" value="true"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </operator><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <connect from_op="Retrieve Titanic Training" from_port="output" to_op="Split Data" to_port="example set"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <connect from_op="Split Data" from_port="partition 1" to_op="Decision Tree" to_port="training set"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <connect from_op="Split Data" from_port="partition 2" to_op="Explain Predictions" to_port="test data"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <connect from_op="Decision Tree" from_port="model" to_op="Explain Predictions" to_port="model"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <connect from_op="Decision Tree" from_port="exampleSet" to_op="Explain Predictions" to_port="training data"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <connect from_op="Explain Predictions" from_port="example set output" to_op="Filter Examples" to_port="example set input"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <connect from_op="Filter Examples" from_port="example set output" to_port="result 1"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <portSpacing port="source_input 1" spacing="0"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <portSpacing port="sink_result 1" spacing="0"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <portSpacing port="sink_result 2" spacing="0"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </process><br>&nbsp; </operator><br></process>

varunm1

@IngoRM thanks for this process. Is it possible to provide a ranking to supporting predictors over all the correct predictions?

In the example you provided, my observation states that 'Sex' is the major supporting predictor in all these correct predictions. So, I can rank this as the best supporting predictor in this data set for this algorithm. Similarly the second best and third best over all correct predicted samples rather than an individual sample.

Sorry if it's confusing.

IngoRM

Sure, that's possible as well.  The process is below.  It would be possible to build a simpler process for this but this version produces a nicer output

Hope this helps,
Ingo

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</operator><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <operator activated="true" class="model_simulator:explain_predictions" compatibility="9.2.000" expanded="true" height="103" name="Explain Predictions" width="90" x="514" y="238"><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <parameter key="maximal explaining attributes" value="3"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <parameter key="local sample size" value="500"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <parameter key="only create predictions" value="false"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </operator><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <operator activated="true" class="generate_id" compatibility="9.2.000" expanded="true" height="82" name="Generate ID" width="90" x="648" y="136"><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <parameter key="create_nominal_ids" value="false"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <parameter key="offset" value="0"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </operator><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 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<parameter key="use_except_expression" value="false"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <parameter key="value_type" value="attribute_value"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <parameter key="use_value_type_exception" value="false"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <parameter key="except_value_type" value="time"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <parameter key="block_type" value="attribute_block"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <parameter key="use_block_type_exception" value="false"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <parameter key="except_block_type" value="value_matrix_row_start"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <parameter key="invert_selection" value="false"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <parameter key="include_special_attributes" value="false"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <parameter key="default_aggregation_function" value="average"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <list key="aggregation_attributes"><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <parameter key="%{loop_attribute}" value="average"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </list><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <parameter key="group_by_attributes" value=""/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <parameter key="count_all_combinations" value="false"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <parameter key="only_distinct" value="false"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <parameter key="ignore_missings" value="true"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </operator><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <operator activated="true" class="rename" compatibility="9.2.000" expanded="true" height="82" name="Rename" width="90" x="179" y="34"><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <parameter key="old_name" value="average(%{loop_attribute})"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <parameter key="new_name" value="%{loop_attribute}"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <list key="rename_additional_attributes"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </operator><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <operator activated="true" class="transpose" compatibility="9.2.000" expanded="true" height="82" name="Transpose" width="90" x="313" y="34"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <connect from_port="input 1" to_op="Aggregate" to_port="example set input"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <connect from_op="Aggregate" from_port="example set output" to_op="Rename" to_port="example set input"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <connect from_op="Rename" from_port="example set output" to_op="Transpose" to_port="example set input"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <connect from_op="Transpose" from_port="example set output" to_port="output 1"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <portSpacing port="source_input 1" spacing="0"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <portSpacing port="source_input 2" spacing="0"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <portSpacing port="sink_output 1" spacing="0"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <portSpacing port="sink_output 2" spacing="0"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </process><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </operator><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <operator activated="true" class="append" compatibility="9.2.000" expanded="true" height="82" name="Append" width="90" x="1720" y="238"><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <parameter key="datamanagement" value="double_array"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <parameter key="data_management" value="auto"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <parameter key="merge_type" value="all"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </operator><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <operator activated="true" class="rename" compatibility="9.2.000" expanded="true" height="82" name="Rename (2)" width="90" x="1854" y="238"><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <parameter key="old_name" value="id"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <parameter key="new_name" value="Attribute"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <list key="rename_additional_attributes"><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <parameter key="att_1" value="Avg Importance"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </list><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </operator><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <operator activated="true" class="sort" compatibility="9.2.000" expanded="true" height="82" name="Sort" width="90" x="1988" y="238"><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <parameter key="attribute_name" value="Avg Importance"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <parameter key="sorting_direction" value="decreasing"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </operator><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <connect from_op="Retrieve Titanic Training" from_port="output" to_op="Split Data" to_port="example set"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <connect from_op="Split Data" from_port="partition 1" to_op="Decision Tree" to_port="training set"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <connect from_op="Split Data" from_port="partition 2" to_op="Explain Predictions" to_port="test data"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <connect from_op="Decision Tree" from_port="model" to_op="Explain Predictions" to_port="model"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <connect from_op="Decision Tree" from_port="exampleSet" to_op="Explain Predictions" to_port="training data"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <connect from_op="Explain Predictions" from_port="example set output" to_op="Generate ID" to_port="example set input"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <connect from_op="Explain Predictions" from_port="importances output" to_op="Join" to_port="right"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <connect from_op="Generate ID" from_port="example set output" to_op="Filter Examples" to_port="example set input"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <connect from_op="Filter Examples" from_port="example set output" to_op="Select Attributes" to_port="example set input"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <connect from_op="Select Attributes" from_port="example set output" to_op="Join" to_port="left"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <connect from_op="Join" from_port="join" to_op="Select Attributes (2)" to_port="example set input"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <connect from_op="Select Attributes (2)" from_port="example set output" to_op="Pivot" to_port="input"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <connect from_op="Pivot" from_port="output" to_op="Rename by Replacing" to_port="example set input"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <connect from_op="Rename by Replacing" from_port="example set output" to_op="Loop Attributes" to_port="input 1"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <connect from_op="Loop Attributes" from_port="output 1" to_op="Append" to_port="example set 1"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <connect from_op="Append" from_port="merged set" to_op="Rename (2)" to_port="example set input"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <connect from_op="Rename (2)" from_port="example set output" to_op="Sort" to_port="example set input"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <connect from_op="Sort" from_port="example set output" to_port="result 1"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <portSpacing port="source_input 1" spacing="0"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <portSpacing port="sink_result 1" spacing="0"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <portSpacing port="sink_result 2" spacing="0"/><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </process><br>&nbsp; </operator><br></process>

varunm1

Thanks a lot @IngoRM this helps a lot. I need to play on different datasets now.

sectyn

Is it possible to get these processes as a .rmp files? For some reason, I am not able to open the XML format.

MartinLiebig

Hi @sectyn ,

did you try this? https://community.rapidminer.com/discussion/50470/import-xml-code-to-process

Best,

Martin

sectyn

Yes. This is how I usually do it. But not able to get the code. Also tried importing the XML file using the File -> Import Process as xml option. Getting the following error: Cannot parse document: The entity "nbsp" was referenced, but not declared.