Abnormal connections in the windings of generators

Hi,
Here the answers of your questions:
1. Short circuits: once the circuit is created; you add a resistance (with low value) in parallel between two phases (you do it for all the phases)
2. Open circuit, you use just a coil conductor (for each phase) in series with a resistance with high value (1E5 Ohm)
3. You directly connect the phase to earth
4. The same principal as in the question one, you add a resistance in parallel between two phases
Best regards.

You are welcome.

Best regards.