Introduction
In the last years injury biomechanics in vehicle-pedestrian collisions has been extensively studied. Several analysis of accidental data show as passenger vehicles were proven to be responsible for most pedestrian injuries. Pedestrian lower extremities are the most frequently injured body region and the injury
analyses on it have been continuously addressed by researchers. The objective of the present study is to investigate the influence of some design parameters of a vehicle front-end structure on the lower extremity injuries by using finite element simulations. A design of experiment plan has been performed
considering various material properties, bumper thickness, position of the higher and lower bumper beams. A biofidelic lower extremity model (the Lower Limbs Model for Safety, LLMS, developed by IFSTTAR and University of Marseille).